Essay about Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour - 693 Words

In the era in which this short story was written, marriage was viewed differently as people view it today. Chopin is probably expressing her view on marriage through the character of Mrs. Mallard and her actions upon discovering that her husband had just past away. This was a time where woman were considered second hand citizens compared to men and where men may have voiced their authority and influence on their wife, not really giving them a chance to have their own opinion. Where in Mrs. Mallards case may have caused her to bottle up her negative feelings of her husband. Chopin does not write much on how Mrs. Mallard felt during the marriage but she hinted that she was not very happy with it, she mentioned, And yet she had†¦show more content†¦It was not until she had left the company of her peers to go into her room by herself to reflect on what had just happened, that she then realized that the death of her husband may not have come without its benefits. It was at that moment when she sat down looking out the window, she had realized that what she had started to feel was not grief, nor sadness. It was the feeling of relief and the feeling of freedom that she had not felt in so long. All of a sudden it seems like the mood in that room switches from that of grief to that of a subtle happiness. She starts realizing the birds are still chirping, the sky is still blue, and it is finally her time to live her life the way she has been wanting to live it for many years, without the influence of her husband looking over her shoulder telling her what to do. She gets worked up so much that at one point she started saying, free, free, free! (537). Right about the time of her emotional uprising, and about the time all her stress and problems were alleviated, her sister knocks on her door. She was insisting that Mrs. Mallard let her in, for fear that she was going to make herself sick. She was completely unaware of the recent sequence of events and how her sister was quite the opposite of sick. Mrs. Mallard re-assures her sister that she is not sick and goes to the door to rejoin her sister downstairs. With a bold and strong look on her face she ascends down the stairs and at the bottom of theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour is a perfect example of literature that glorifies the commonplace event: the story depicts a gigantic event in the life of its protagonist by using a minimalist economy of means. The opening sentence of The Story of an Hour carefully sets up the conclusion of the story. Chopin is working with such limited space here that it resembles more the crafting of a poem than a fictional narrative. We are told that Mrs Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble so greatRead MoreSymbolism In Kate Chopins The Story Of An Hour1013 Words   |  5 PagesWhile most of Kate Chopin’s short stories were well received, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was originally rejected by publishers until 1894 when Vogue decided to publish the short story. However after her death most o f Chopin’s work was forgotten, that was until the 1950s when her work again was recognized as insightful and moving, setting into motion a Kate Chopin revival which was both successful and remarkable (Biography). â€Å"The Story of an Hour† focuses on the liberation and new found freedom of a newlyRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour537 Words   |  3 Pages In Kate Chopins short story quot;The Story of an Hour,quot; there is much hatred. The first hatred detected is in the way that Louise reacts to the news of the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard. Before Louises reaction is revealed, Chopin turns to how the widow feels by describing the world according to her outlook of it after the bad news. Louise is said to quot;not hear the story as many women have heard the same.quot; Rather, she accepts it and goes to her room to be alone. Now the personRead MoreKate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay560 Words   |  3 Pages In Kate Chopin’s short stor y, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the author shows us the response of a young woman to her husband’s presumed death. Before the news, the widow, Mrs. Mallard, felt trapped in a situation she found to be inescapable. Her marriage made her feel as though her will wasn’t really her own, that she wasn’t really free. However, when the news of her husband’s death reaches her, she finally begins to feel that she has a chance to be free. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; During her mingledRead MoreKate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† allows one to explore many ironic instances throughout the story, the main one in which a woman unpredictably feels free after her husband’s assumed death. Chopin uses Mrs. Mallard’s bizarre story to illustrate the struggles of reaching personal freedom and trying to be true to yourself to reach self-assertion while being a part of something else, like a marriage. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† the main character, Mrs. Mallard, celebrates the death of her husbandRead MoreCriticism In Kate Chopins The Story Of An Hour830 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction to any other writer with this kind of writing style to verify my assertion of Kate Chopin’s work, nonetheless Chopin does a brilliant job of exhibiting her Creole background in her work coherently. Although many may argue that modern feminism has taken a new meaning compared to its’ early beginnings. Chopin exhibited a hint of feminism through characters like Clarisse and Mrs. Mallard. In The Story of An Hour, Chopin crafted Mrs. Mallards Character as woman who seem to yearn for freedom to theRead MoreKate CHopins Story of an Hour Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pages In Kate Chopins Story of an Hour the author portrays patriarchal oppression in the institution of marriage by telling the story of one fateful hour in the life of a married woman. Analyzing the work through feminist criticism, one can see the implications of masculine discourse. Mrs. Mallards medical diagnosis is an example of the male-dominated society in which she lives. They are able to tell her that she indeed has a heart condition, but are unable to treat her effectivelyRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour655 Words   |  3 PagesKate Chopins The Story of an Hour In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, the author depicts how someone can be trapped in an unproductive and unsatisfying reality because of other’s thoughtlessness, exploitation, and domination. When combined with the contemporary society’s belief, presumably the later half of the 19th century, a further understanding of Chopin’s thoughts and feelings can be realized. Mrs. Louise Mallard, the victim and messenger of this story, is the image of such aRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour911 Words   |  4 Pages Women should be powerful, beautiful and intelligence. Nevertheless, women in the eighteenth century were portrayed as servants did not have any say in anything just like the story of an hour by Kate Chopin, where even in a good marriage you could not do the things you wanted to do. What if their husbands died what would come of them? How would they feel? And the irony of gaining freedom but losing everything? In the eighteenth century, Women were portrayed as powerless beneath the men becauseRead MoreThe Story of a Widow in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagespersistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.† Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is the story of a woman’s reaction to the news of her husband’s passing. Mrs. Louise Mallard is a young woman most would conclude to be saddened by the passing of her husband. Yet it is in that very moment we find her true feelings. Kate Chopin was born Katherine O’Flaherty on February 8, 1850 in St. Louis Missouri. She was the only child born to her

Boo Radley Free Essays

Boo Radley Boo Radley, an enigmatic character in To Kill a Mockingbird is an interesting man to behold. Standing six and a half feet tall with a scar traversing his face, Boo has an intimidating appearance. Boo has an infamous reputation; as a mutilator of domestic house pets, as a drooling stalker that supposedly peered in neighborhood windows in the dead of the night, and for having halitosis that purportedly would wilt a flower. We will write a custom essay sample on Boo Radley or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although nearly no one had ever seen this â€Å"town lunatic†, rumors spread like wildfire about his personality quirks and disheveled appearance. Boo has decayed yellow teeth. Allegedly, this mystery man’s pecan tree was poisonous and his mouth is tainted with the blood of cats and chickens that he had tortured. Tortured was often used in describing Boo, but rumors and innuendo are more fiction than fact. For instance, Boo Radley was an alias used to hide his real name, â€Å"Arthur†. Growing up as a troubled teen, Boo was part of a gang that was eventually caught for swearing in front of women. The juvenile delinquents were tried and sentenced to industrial school. With a religious and legalistic upbringing, Boo’s father refused to allow Boo to go to industrial school and instead took him home. Incarcerated in the house for years, the prisoner never received a chance to go outside. He was trapped. At age thirty-five the psychologically scarred adult stabbed his father in the leg with scissors. This incident proved to be the final straw for his father and the courts. Arthur was jailed in the basement of the County Courthouse for a short time. Eventually, your past will catch up with you, and Arthur’s did. Only time will tell what becomes of Boo. How to cite Boo Radley, Essay examples Boo Radley Free Essays Everybody in Maybcomb County’s impression of me, Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley, is through neighborhood fairy tales; I’m described as someone defenseless to society’s significant judgment. Everybody thinks of me as a monster, they’re all petrified of me. I can’t really say I blame them though; anybody would be crazy if they were kept in here as long as I’ve been. We will write a custom essay sample on Boo Radley or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ve heard a few rumors about me; the one that struck me the most was the one rumor where I apparently stabbed my dad with a pair of scissors in his leg†¦ what kind of person would make such lie up? I have no doubts that all of Maycomb County believe what they think is the â€Å"truth†, but its absolutely crazy how somebody would go that far to make something like that up. â€Å"Wouldn’t you stay in the house if you didn’t want to come out? † (Chapter 5, p. 58). I wanted too! I really did want to come out for once; I do absolutely nothing all day long, spending it only with me, myself and I. I’m restricted from reading the newspaper, watching television, going out on the front porch or even opening a near by window for a breath of fresh air. I feel like I’m in prison; in fact, I literally am! â€Å"Jem gave a reasonable description of Boo: Boo was about six-and-a-half feet tall, judging from his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels and any cats he would catch, that’s why his hands were bloodstained – if you ate an animal raw, you could never wash the blood off. There was a long jagged scar that ran across his face; what teeth he had were yellow and rotten; his eyes popped, and he drooled most of the time. † (Chapter 1, p. 6). I look nothing like that; everything is quite the opposite to be honest. I’m six’1, I eat normal food, like all normal people; I brush my teeth everyday which makes them white, not yellow; and I absolutely do not drool. And how would they know that my hands were bloodstained or not? Did they not mention that nobody has seen me in approximately 15 years? It all just doesn’t make sense to me; somehow people in Maycomb County enjoy and believe the little myths about me. Inside the house lived a malevolent phantom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chapter 1, p. 10). Me? A malevolent phantom? They clearly have no idea what they’re talking about; last time I checked, I was human. Just because nobody has seen me in a while that doesn’t mean I’ve turned into a ghost over the years. These people all just don’t get it. They don’t understand the fact that I’m a somebody; that I’m pretty much the same like everybody else – other than the fact that I haven’t been out of my house for about 15 years. They don’t understand that I have feelings as well; everything they say, all the rumors and little stories of theirs offends me. I just hope that everybody in Maycomb County realizes and finds out somehow who I truly am. That I’m a human, just like they all are, not some kind of a monster, who goes out at night, and eats children and cats or whatever their nonsense is. And maybe, just maybe, I have the courage one day to finally get out of the house, go out in the open, where every single neighbor of mine can see me, and show people who I really am. How to cite Boo Radley, Papers

Accounting Financial Analysis Report Small Business

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Financial Analysis Report for Small Business. Answer: Case Study Analysis 1: Calculation of the principal ratios of small business Ratio (Internal sources to be used for financial asset acquisitions) Ratio Calculation Debt/Equity Ratio = Debt/Equity (Debt= 187740) (Equity= 151000)= 1.24 Firms earning ability ratios Ratio Calculation Net Profit Ratio Gross Profit ratio Return on assets Return on Equity = Net profit/Sales*100=016 Gross profit/sales*100 = 0.34 Net income/Total Assets=0.10 Net Income/Shareholders equity=0.26 Accounts Receivables Ratio Calculation Accounts receivables ratio = Credit sales/Average inventory = 3.26 Demands for working capital Ratio Calculation Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities =1.82 Inventories Ratio Calculation Inventory Turnover ratio = Cost of Sales/Average Inventory=2.6 Case Study Analysis 2 Liquidity: Liquidity ratio helps to measure the firms ability to meet short term debt obligations. It. also reflects whether the firm is able to perform an effective working capital cycle or not If this ratio is on the higher side, then it will reflect that the organization is able to meet its. short-term debt obligations in an effective way (Sauaia, 2014) However, it can be also inferred that too much high liquidity is also not good for an organization as it infers that the firm will liquidate very soon in the near future. It has been observed that the current ratio of TUSTPtyLtd has increased by a small percentage. This means that the organization is successful in meeting its debt obligations effectively. Asset efficiency: This ratio assists an organization to measure the efficiency of its financial assets to generate revenue. The higher this ratio is, the more it will be beneficial for the firm. If this ratio is on the lower side, then, it can be inferred that the firm is likely to face production problems due to ineffective assets (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). In case of TUSTPtyLtd, the number of days of inventory and number of debtors outstanding is on the higher side. This is not a favourable sign for the organization as inventory will not be used to satisfy customers and debtors will not pay their debts on time. Profitability: The profitability ratios infer the ability of the firm to earn profits for the particular financial year. The higher this ratio, the more it will be beneficial for the firm. This ratio can compare the performance of the organization over a period of time. There are mainly three major types of these kind of ratios. These are operating, net and gross profit (Lin et al. 2014) It can be said that the net profit ratio of TUSTPtyLtd has increased in comparison to the previous year. This is a good sign for the organization. It is recommended that the firm needs to keep its operating expenses low, in order to increase its profit margin. Case Study Analysis 3: Qantas Airlines and Virgin Australia Holdings Limited Vogel (2014) opines that financial ratio analysis helps a business organization to analyze its current business operations in terms of efficiency, profitability, liquidity and gearing status of the firm. It can also be considered as an effective tool to compare between organizations lying in the same industry. It can be inferred that the two given organizations Qantas and Virgin Australia Holdings Limited can be compared in terms of different ratios. Debt-equity ratio (Efficiency) Debt-equity ratio reflects the financial leverage of an organization (Delen, Kuzey Uyar, 2013). The higher the ratio, the more it will be risky for the firm. With the help of debt-equity ratio, the firm can measure the capital structure of the firm (Brigham Houston, 2012). It can be seen that Virgin Australia Holdings Limited has a higher amount of debt percent in comparison with its peer competitor Qantas. From this, it can be inferred that the organization is exposed to financial risk. However, several industry benchmarks vary from one industry to the other one. It has been seen that the average debt equity ratio for the airlines industry is around 91 percent. Therefore, the debt equity ratio for both the firms reflects that they are higher than the industry average. Due to this reason, both the firms are facing severe issues related to long-term debt. This is not a good sign for both the organizations specially, Virgin Australia Holdings Limited. This is reason why, Virgin Austr alia has higher debt equity than its competitor Qantas Airlines has. Current Ratio (liquidity) Current ratio reflects the liquidity status of a business organization. It also reflects how the firm is effective enough in terms of maintaining the working capital cycle for a respective financial year (Leary Roberts, 2014). The main significance of current ratio is that it helps to analyze the capability of the respective business organization to clear all its short-term debt obligations within the current financial period. The industry standard of current ratio is 2:1 and a higher current ratio interprets that the firm has higher liquidity. However, it can be also interpreted that a very high current ratio may not be that effective for a business organization, as it may reflect that the current assets is slowly moving towards obsolete status. From the given case study, it can be highlighted that Qantas has a current ratio of 0.77 and Virgin Australia Holdings Limited has a current ratio of 0.65. From this analysis, it can be deduced that current ratio of Qantas is slightly bette r than Virgin Airlines. It also clearly suggests that Qantas is more or less effective in maintaining the working capital cycle in comparison with Virgin Airlines. However, in industry terms, both the organizations have failed to maintain with industry comparison. Therefore, it is recommended that both the organizations need to clear off their debts on time with an effective utilization of working capital cycle and keep their composition of the current assets as per their business requirements. This is reason why, Virgin Australia has a higher current ratio than its competitor Qantas Airlines has. Return on equity and Return on Assets (Profitability) From an investors point of view, return on equity helps to measure the status of a business organization in terms of profitability. It can be inferred that return on equity also measures the percent of return on the capital amount that an investor or shareholders have invested. If this ratio is on the higher side, then, the firm is said to be profitable and vice versa. This ratio also measures the efficiency of the organization to gain profits from investors money. In case of the airlines organization Qantas and Virgin, it can be inferred that Virgin Australia Holdings Limited has a higher return on equity margin than its competitor Qantas. It can be also inferred that the investors will prefer to invest on Virgin Australia Holdings Limited, as their funds will be used effectively in the firm, rather than the organization Qantas. It is recommended that the organization Qantas needs to take effective steps in order to meet the demands of their stakeholders by utilizing their capital t o invest net profit and net revenue. In case of Return on Assets, it can be deduced that Virgin Australia has performed better than Qantas Airlines. This further reflects that Virgin Australia has successfully utilized its assets in order to generate a higher amount of sales revenue. This is the reason why, the firm is having a higher amount of ROA (3.29%). On the contrary, it can be inferred that the organization Qantas Airlines has failed to utilize their total assets to generate sales revenue in comparison to Virgin Airlines. This is reason why, Virgin Australia has a higher return on Assets percentage than its competitor Qantas Airlines has. Net profit margin (Profitability) Net profit margin ratio interprets the total net profit percentage of an organization in terms of its net revenue (Brigham Houston, 2012). If this ratio is on the upper side, then it reflects that the profitability of the firm is on the higher side. It also reflects that the organization is utilizing its net sales to earn a higher amount net income. In case of the given organization, it is reflected that the organization Virgin Australia Holdings Limited has a higher net profit margin than Qantas. This is a positive sign for the organization as it reflects the profitability of the firm is higher than its competitor has. Apart from this, it highlights that the organization Virgin Australia is successful in minimizing its operational expenses that has contributed successfully in meeting their respective net profit margin. On the other hand, it can be inferred that Qantas Airlines has failed to minimize its operational expenses that has further resulted in a lower amount of net profit margin. This is reason why, Virgin Australia has a higher net profit margin than its competitor Qantas Airlines has. From the above analysis, it can be inferred that the organization Virgin Airlines has performed better in terms of profitability and liquidity than Qantas Airlines. However, on the contrary, Qantas has performed better in terms of efficiency. The main reason is, Virgin Airlines has successfully minimized their operating expenses and performed better in terms of working capital cycle. On the other hand, Qantas has cleared of their long term debts that have directly affected their debt-equity ratio. References and Bibliography Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013). Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E. F., Houston, J. F. (2012). Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage Learning. Delen, D., Kuzey, C., Uyar, A. (2013). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach. Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), 3970-3983. Leary, M. T., Roberts, M. R. (2014). Do peer firms affect corporate financial policy?. The Journal of Finance, 69(1), 139-178. Lin, F., Liang, D., Yeh, C. C., Huang, J. C. (2014). Novel feature selection methods to financial distress prediction. Expert Systems with Applications,41(5), 2472-2483. Sauaia, A. C. A. (2014). Evaluation of performance in business games: financial and non financial approaches. Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, 28. Vogel, H. L. (2014). Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis. Cambridge University Press.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Essay Example

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Essay Sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs, are grabbing increasing attention given that the category includes AIDS, often labelled as the plague of our century. However, there are other important STDs that affect a large number of individuals and lead to disastrous consequences. These include Gonorrhea, Syphillis, Chlamydia, Herpes type II, Human Papilloma Virus (Warts), Hepatitis B, Trichimonis, Pubic Lice (CRABS). Different in origin, symptoms, treatment and outcomes, all these diseases share the way of transmission, where sexual intercourse is the primary vehicle.1. Prevalence of   STDs.The list of most important STDs has changed over time. Thus, syphilis was non-existent in pre-Columbian Europe. After Columbus’ trip to America, syphilis emerged as a devastating disease that used to plunder towns and villages, which gave scientists reasons to believe that it was brought over from the New World (Crosby, 1973, p. 124-126). In the 1960s the five most important STDs included gon orrhea, syphilis, granuloma inguinale, chancroid, and lymphogranuloma venereum (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004).According to the statistics publicised by the American Social Health Association, â€Å"more than half of all people will have an STD at some point in their lifetime† (ASHA, 2005). The same association estimates that one in two sexually active Americans gets infected with an STD by the age of 25, and one out of four teenagers per year will contract an STD. The compilation of reliable statistics is difficult since only a few sexually transmittd diseases including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, hepatitis A and B have to be reported to the health authorities when diagnosed. However, these numbers show the prevalence of SDTs in contemporary society and demonstrate that this is a serious health issue that has to be addressed with adequate measures on prevention and cure.STDs are typically caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Physicians use antibiotics to treat S TDs cause by bacteria, but the problem is that the bacterium can develop a resistance to the medication, complicating treatment. Parasitic STDs are for the most part curable. The greatest challenge for humanity at this point is the viral STDs, including HIV/AIDS, as the virus tends to stay in the body for prolonged time periods without exhibiting any symptoms. Besides, â€Å"there are no known cures for viruses† (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004).2. Primary STDs.HIV/ AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) usually tops the list of concerns related to sexually transmitted diseases to the uniformly lethal outcome and unavailability of the cure. A person develops AIDS after contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) that decreases the potential of the immune system to respond to infections and cancers. As a result, the host dies of a certain infection or cancer, although HIV can reside in the body for years without developing into AIDS.Gonorrhea is a curable bacterial infe ction and one of the oldest sexually transmitted diseases. The disease is found in both men and women, although in women it is more likely to reside without causing symptoms. The bacterium affects many organs, including vagina, cervix, urethra, throat, and rectum.Syphilis, formerly known as the French disease, results from the contraction of â€Å"a bacterial spirochete that bores into the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals† (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004). Syphilis develops in several stages, and it can take years before the disease reaches a stage in which it become incurable and leads to the death of the patient. In the initial stages it is treatable (NIAID, 2004). Syphilis begins with the appearance of a chancre, an ulcer that can appear both inside and outside of the body and thus often passes unnoticed by the patient, in particular due to its painless character. The secondary stage is characterised by the appearance of a highly infectious rash on the body. Afte r this the disease can transform into a latent process that will continue for years without causing any symptoms. Alternatively, syphilis can enter the tertiary stage which triggers â€Å"mental illness, blindness, other neurologic problems, heart disease, and death† (NIAID, 2004).Chlamydia is caused by bacterium that affects cervix, urethra, throat, and rectum. First reported in 1984, it â€Å"affects an estimated 35 million women annually† (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004). Chlamydia has a serious effect on fallopian tubes and can lead to infertility if not cured quickly. After treatment, Chlamydia can reside in the body for long periods of time.Herpes virus (Type II) is transmitted through sexual intercourse when the virus gets into the mucous on the genitals. As with most viruses, this one is incurable and can remain in the body for a lifetime without demonstrating symptoms (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004). According to the American Social Health Association, 90% of those infected with herpes do not know about their infection (ASHA, 2005). Alternatively, it can break into a rash or ulcer on the skin. Herpes virus is believed to pose little danger to the body and mostly leads to discomfort; however, contracting genital herpes simplifies HIV infection, and so couples in which one partner has this disease usually choose to use condoms to protect the other partner from risk.Human Papillomavirus (HSV) is another viral infection that can reside with the host without triggering symptoms. The most common symptom is warts, in particular genital warts. Recently, scientists established the connection between HSV and cervical and anal cancer, so contracting HSV raises the risk of cervical cancer in women. Among 80 and 100 strains of the virus, there are differing degrees of risk of causing cancer.Hepatitis B, like other varieties of hepatitis (Types A, C, D) leads to the inflammation of the liver, but differs from other types since it is contracted thro ugh sexual intercourse in 30% of the cases (STDs: Yesterday and Today, 2004). A person can recover from hepatitis without serious damage to health, although in many cases the disease can change into a chronic form or lead to a fatal outcome due to liver failure.3. STDs: Impact on Health.Many STDs, although not leading to fatal outcomes on their own, can lead to complications that will result in either death of the patient or permanent depression of a certain bodily function such as reproduction. Thus, untreated gonorrhoea in women can result in a PID, pelvic infectious disease, especially if left untreated for many years. PID results in the formation of scars in the fallopian tubes that can block the passage of the fertilized egg into the uterus. The consequence can be a tubal (ectopic) pregnancy in which the embryo implants in the tube, occasionally causing a miscarriage or even resulting in a fatal outcome. In men, gonorrhoea results in epididymitis, affecting the testicles, and/o r inflammation of the prostate gland.Similar effects appear in both men and women as a result of other STDs. PID is a common condition emerging in consequence of STD and can often lead to infertility. Untreated, the infection leads to the blockage of the fallopian tubes precluding the fertilization of the egg. Half of PID cases are attributed to Chlamydia (NIAID, 2004). Often this process is not accompanied with any symptoms or inconvenience, and thus the condition progresses unnoticed.Any other STD increases the risk of contracting HIV. For this reason, prevention and treatment of other STDs is important part of the efforts to reduce the spread of AIDS. Besides, measures that are part of the prevention campaigns against HIV, such as mutual monogamy (â€Å"having sex with only one, uninfected partner who only has sex with you†), condom use and regular check-ups are helpful against HIV as well as against other sexually transmitted diseases.4. Diagnosing and Prevention of STDs. Diagnosing and prevention of these dangerous diseases is an important issue in contemporary American society where high cost of medical services can isolate the uninsured portion of the population from regular check-ups necessary in order to prevent the development of the disease. The low level of concern among medical professionals is another problem. A national survey of US doctors indicated that less than one-third of physicians regularly checked patients for STDs (St Lawrence J.S. et al., 2002, p.1784). Screening for Chlamydia, a disease that can cause lasting damage to a woman’s reproductive system leading to infertility, is at a disappointingly low level, since â€Å"in 2003 only 30% of women 25 and under with commercial health care plans and 45% in Medicaid plans were screened for Chlamydia† (ASHA, 2005). Since early detection of the disease is often a decisive factor that determines the success of treatment, any program aiming to increase the effectiveness of a n anti-STD campaign has to concentrate on stepping up measures for early diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. As stated before, regular check-ups can, for example, exclude deaths from syphilis that is treatable in early stages.Another part of efforts in combating STDs is to embark on an extensive prevention program. A study conducted by Alexander McKay in Canada in 2000 focused on the research of effective interventions methods aimed at prevention of HIV and other STDs. His research indicates favourable outcomes of behavioral interventions with â€Å"adolescents, street youth, STI clinic patients, women, heterosexually active men, men who have sex with men, and communities† (McKay, 2000, p. 95). The study aims at the development of a cost-effective method of STD prevention that will generate results in a cost-efficient manner. A successful prevention strategy, according to McKay has to take into consideration cultural factors and be conducted in a culturally appropriat e fashion. Activists are encouraged to draw on the involvement of peer educators and community opinion leaders, putting sizeable effort into the promotion of condoms and safe sex. Campaigning has to evolve on both communal and individual planes, targeting broad masses of people as well as creating individual sexual health plans.Another important area of fight against STDs is the research directed at the invention of new medications against these infections, as well as vaccines and diagnosis methods. Thus, a projected supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) targets the development of new diagnosis methods that will allow doctors to pinpoint with greater precision the stage of the disease (NIAID, 2004). Molecular biologists are investigating various parts of the spirochete bacterium in order to prepare a vaccine that will provide for more efficient prevetion of this STD. Researchers are also trying to replace the current common diagnostic test fo r syphilis that requires a blood sample with one that will examine saliva or urine.   The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ research on gonorrhoea focuses on several important issues, namely, â€Å"how this bacterium attaches to host cells†, â€Å"how it gets inside cells†, â€Å"gonococcal surface structures and how they can change†, and â€Å"human response to infection by gonococci† (NIAID, 2004). Dramatic improvements in treatment and diagnosis of STDs will be instrumental in stemming the spread of these diseases.ConclusionSTDs are a pervasive phenomenon in modern-day society that has come to the fore of public attention primarily due to HIV/AIDS. Although AIDS is by far the deadliest STD at this point, the impact of other infections should not be overshadowed by the AIDS epidemic, since STDs affect a large proportion of population and carry permanent long-term risks due to their frequently latent character. These infecti ons, caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancies and lethal outcomes. That is why efforts aimed at the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of STDs acquire increasing importance.

Social vs. Societal

Social vs. Societal Social vs. Societal Social vs. Societal By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between social and societal? Not much, but enough that you may become the victim of social stigma if you ignore subtle societal signals. Societal is the pedantic alternative to social. They both mean â€Å"pertaining to society,† but as the latter word, first attested in the Middle Ages, was increasingly used in the modern era to refer to interpersonal contact rather than in the context of complex forces within human populations, societal appeared in the latter part of the nineteenth century as a more serious, scholarly alternative. It is mostly seen in such usage and is otherwise considered pretentious. Even now, social is more likely to appear in phrases referring to individuals, not groups, such as â€Å"social disposition,† â€Å"social engagement,† and â€Å"social life.† Societal, on the other hand, is employed in contexts like â€Å"societal pressure to conform,† though social still has the same import in usage such as â€Å"social institutions,† which refers to widespread traditions, not venues where people hang out. Standing phrases that include social also include â€Å"social climber,† referring to a person who tries to rise above his or her station in life; â€Å"social disease,† a euphemism for â€Å"venereal disease† (one spread through sexual contact), or any disease whose distribution is related to socioeconomic factors; and â€Å"social drinker,† which denotes a regular imbiber of alcoholic beverages whose indulgence is not considered excessive. The most ubiquitous such phrase of the last decade or so, however, is â€Å"social network(ing),† a case of an unfortunate usurpation of a useful term for a diluted sense: In most contexts, a social network is a virtual web of friends, acquaintances, and colleagues or professional contacts, enabled by recent technological innovations, that is widely seen as contributing to a more expansive yet much more superficial outlook on interpersonal communication and interaction than was prevalent in the past. (Yet the telephone, the telegram, and other once innovative devices were in their day similarly derided for weakening the social contract.) More provocative phrases are â€Å"social Darwinism,† the name for the theory that some social groups are biologically superior to others, and â€Å"social engineering,† which has two senses: large-scale manipulation or influencing of society, or deceptive collection of confidential personal information. The ancestor of both words is socius, Latin for â€Å"accomplice,† â€Å"ally,† or â€Å"companion.† Other terms that stem from this parentage include sociology, which primarily means â€Å"the study of aspects of large groups of people† the more far-reaching equivalent of psychology, which focuses on the behavior of individuals and socialite, a mildly pejorative term for a person with prominent status in society, usually as a result of abundant wealth. Antisocial, meanwhile, denotes behavior averse or hostile to society, and asocial refers to someone who avoids engaging in society. Socialism is a term coined in the mid-nineteenth century to apply to sometimes competing ideas of governance, often similar to and often confused with those of communism, in which the state controls production and distribution of goods and services. A related term is association, referring to networks of relationships. Interestingly, this term is the origin of a word for the globally popular sport known in most of the world as football (or a transliteration such as fussball or futbol) but in the United States called soccer: Originally, this game, to distinguish it from rugby football (now usually called simply rugby), was termed â€Å"association football.† Slang usage shortened this term to assoc and later soccer. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical WordsProved vs. ProvenMankind vs. Humankind

Crusade

Crusade Crusade Crusade By Maeve Maddox The word crusade, used as both noun and verb, derives from a Latin verb meaning â€Å"to mark with a cross.† Middle English adopted the Old French form, croisee. When the OF spelling shifted to croisade, English speakers started spelling it that way too. Finally, in the 18th century, the spelling was Anglicized to crusade. The Crusades were European-led wars that began in the 11th century with the intention of recapturing Jerusalem and other places in the Holy Land that had been conquered by Muslims in the 7th century, seven years after the death of Muhammad. The last attempt by a European king to recover the Christian sites was in 1272. The earliest OED citation for croisade in reference to these wars is dated 1557. In the 18th century, crusade acquired a figurative meaning separate from the idea of a religious war. The noun came to mean â€Å"an aggressive movement against something perceived as a public evil.† The first documentation of this use occurs in 1786 in the writings of Thomas Jefferson: â€Å"Preach, my dear Sir, a crusade against ignorance.† For more than 200 years, crusade has served English speakers as a useful word to signify any kind of zealous support or opposition carried on in the name of the public good, for example: Rep. Claude Pepper, who crusaded for Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal in the 1930s and was still championing the rights of the elderly a half-century later, died today at 88.   For years, I’ve been on a crusade to help people boost their productivity by strengthening their writing so they can avoid the problems that come with sending unclear messages. Klonsky is talking about the zealots, backed by multimillionaires, who are crusading against teachers unions as they claim to fight for the reform of public education. Kentucky has now, by reason of this legislation, decided to become educated - and we have embarked on a crusade for that purpose. Public School Crusaders Stake Out Rival Camps in Austin Sunday Express launches crusade for better mental health In the present political climate, the figurative use of crusade seems to be coming to an end as it joins others on the list of politically incorrect words: Campus Crusade Changes Name to Cru Ministry leaders worry that the word â€Å"crusade† has too many negative associations. President Bushs reference to a crusade against terrorism, which passed almost unnoticed by Americans, rang alarm bells in Europe.    Crusade is already coming in for criticism in some writing guides. This is from a UK university writing guide: Example 1: Crusade against crime Example 2: Campaign against crime The word ‘crusade’ has connotations of a battle and is more aggressive in tone than the word ‘campaign’. ‘Campaign’ implies a more considered approach. A style manual for Christian writers offers this advice: The terms  crusade  and crusades  are legitimate  words  in most contexts, although they should be  avoided  when used figuratively for Christian evangelism, modern military campaigns, or any effort to promote beliefs or values cross-culturally. As Western government spokesmen and journalists take care to avoid the English word crusade, the Arabic borrowing jihad comes to mind. Like crusade in English, jihad has two meanings in its language of origin: â€Å"a holy war against unbelievers† and â€Å"a struggle or effort to do good.† Here are some alternatives for politically correct writers who wish to phase out crusade in the figurative sense: crusade (noun): campaign drive push movement effort struggle offensive crusade (verb): work strive struggle fight agitate lobby champion promote Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names8 Writing Tips for BeginnersEmpathic or Empathetic?

Drought and water supply Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drought and water supply - Research Paper Example Although drought has several causes and is associated with numerous negative consequences, it can be properly managed using various strategies. Drought has a long history that can be traced as far back as the biblical times of Joseph. It is one of the earliest climatic events that are documented. Presently it is associated with the Epic of Gilgamesh and later the exodus of Israelites from Egypt. It has been there since the times of early man, in Africa and the rest of the world. In the modern society, it is possible for people to mitigate the impacts of drought through crop rotation and irrigation. If people fail to develop and implement mitigation strategies, drought and bad water supply they will incur grave costs. The worst droughts that have been experienced in the world are the droughts of 1980s and 1990s. The most severe and historical drought was experienced in the basin of river Simeto. Climate is what determines water supply. Temperatures of the air determine the level of water demand, while precipitation is the only source of renewing water. If people can clearly understand past climatic conditions, they can predict future conditions and hence adapt and limit the level of hardship faced during drought. It is evident that drought comes in a certain pattern that repeats itself seasonally, annually and inter-annually. Estimates by the United Nations indicate that one third of the world’s population is affected by water shortages (United Nations, 23). The UN states that about 1.1 billion people lack safe water for drinking and those without enough water for sanitation stand at 2.6 billion (United Nations, 23). Consequently, deaths and diseases have increased due to the use of contaminated water. Children from developing countries are the most affected with 3,900 of them dying everyday from diarrhea and insufficient or bad water related

Natural Resources and Environmental Economics Essay - 2

Natural Resources and Environmental Economics - Essay Example This essay has been aimed at showing the possibility for the economic instruments to work effectively for the minimization of the pesticide water pollution on the local level. While the legal threshold of pesticide residues is equal to 0.1 ÃŽ ¼g/l, 5 to 10% of waters in Belgium, Denmark, the UK and France are found to be contaminated with the levels of pesticides exceeding these limits. As 65% of Europeans use ground waters for drinking, the seriousness of the problem increases and needs expensive treatment. The major impact that is mentioned in the essay is made on the local communities which mostly rely on groundwater supplies. Though there have been shown the disadvantages in the previous policies, the general direction in which the authorities work is correct. There have been shown the possible strategies and recommendations to make this work even more effective. It is suggested by the researcher of the essay that the future work in the area of pesticide pollution is concentrated on the development of the new economic instruments in combination with ecological knowledge. It will also be useful to account the international experience, though any policy should first of all be implemented at the local level. The advantage of the local addressing the issue is in the fact that local authorities are more able to control each polluter separately, which ultimately makes the whole work in the sphere of environment protection at the state level more effective and produces better results.

Parliamentary Sovereignty Essay Example for Free

Parliamentary Sovereignty Essay With reference to relevant domestic case law outline the â€Å"mechanisms† adopted by the British Courts to maintain the Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty in the context of applying European Law. Particular reference should be made to the cases of Bulmer v Bollinger and Factortame. Parliamentary sovereignty is a fundamental principle in the constitution of the United Kingdom. It is where the Parliament is the supreme legal authority, which has the power to create or end any law. Generally, the courts cannot overrule its legislation and no Parliament can pass a law that a future Parliament cannot change. In the British constitution, a statute is generally regarded as the highest form of the law, therefore Parliament is seen as the sovereign law maker. However the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty has been altered and limited by the UK decision to become a member of the European Community in 1973 when the European Communities Act 1972 came into force. Parliament must now legislate consistently with European Community Law. The terms of the European treaties as interpreted by the European Court of Justice require member states to limit their sovereignty, by Parliament giving direct effect and primacy to EU Law. The European Court of Justice states that European Community Law should be enforceable in the courts of member states and that EU law prevails domestic law of member state, which includes the United Kingdom. The ECJ, as the judicial institution of the Community, is the backbone of that system of safeguards. It is responsible for interpreting questions of EC law and provision is made in the Treaty for references to the ECJ by national courts. Decisions of the ECJ, upon a reference, are reached by majority vote and are binding on all domestic courts of all Member States. Under Article 234 the ECJ has achieved the principle of supremacy and its uniform application in all Member States when Community law may be in conflict with domestic legislation. The ECH, as the guardian of legality and instrument of cohesion within the Community, has from the start been in a strong position to define the status of Community law and to gibe it precedence when in conflict with the national legal systems of the various Member states. The first case where the Court made a statement on the nature of European law is the famous case of Van Gend en Loos dealing with the principle of direct effect of EC Treaty provisions and the degree to which individuals can rely on such terms to hallenge measures of national law. It was in a second important case, two years later, however, that the ECJ expanded on its constitutional theory of the Community, declaring again that the states had created a sovereign Community by limiting their own sovereign rights. The case was Costa v Enel, the Court basically decided that community law had supremacy over national law. To this day the judgement is the bedrock of the importance of Community law in all Member States of the European Union. Without this decision Community law would have remained merely international law. Not until the doctrine of supremacy did Community law become truly ‘supranational’ as intended in the European treaties. It was in Bulmer v Bollinger that Lord Denning stated: â€Å"The Treaty of Rome is like an incoming tide. It flows into the estuaries and up the rivers. It cannot be held back. † The early generous and realistic approach was seen in the case of Macarthys v Smith (1981) where Lord Denning discussed the feature between mere inconsistencies and deliberate derogation. Where the incompatibility is inadvertent, he suggested that English Courts should apply EC law, on the assumption that Parliament anticipated to perform its treaty obligations. On the other hand, where the incompatibility was deliberate, he was of the belief that English law should triumph. In this case Lord Denning asserted that â€Å"it has priority. It is not supplanting English law. It is part of our law which overrides any other part which is inconsistent with it. † However, it was not until the Factortame litigation that the true implication on parliamentary sovereignty became noticeable. The cases of R v Secretary of State for Transport Ex Parte Factortame (1989), changed Lord Dennings principle. In this case the UK courts applied for an Article 177 reference. Due to the extensive time it take to respond to reference, the UK applied for an additional ruling asking if they could in the meantime still apply the Act as it conflicted with Articles 52 and 221 of the Treaty of Rome. The ECJ ordered the UK to temporarily suspend the 1988 Act, which the UK parliament had not done before. Therefore, this relentlessly undermined the supremacy of the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty.

The Diver :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Diver† Robert Currie’s â€Å"The Diver†, on the surface, recounts a diver’s descent and ascent into a river as onlookers eagerly anticipate his fate. Beneath the surface, this poem is actually very spiritual. The diver’s descent into the water, and his arising from the water, can be compared to the crucifixion of Jesus. Through the masterful use of imagery and Biblical comparisons, Currie depicts the message that rebirth and hope can captivate and revitalize our spirits. An essential key to the theme of â€Å"The Diver† is through the subtle yet prevailing use of Biblical references. From the very beginning of Currie’s poem, a simile is used when describing the â€Å"bridge like a Roman fort†. This helps to set the tone that something important is about to happen and also provides a Biblical base to the structure of the poem. Lines four to six describe the man’s journey up towards the bridge. This journey can be compared to Jesus’ struggle towards the top of the hill where he was crucified. Perhaps this man was also carrying a â€Å"load on his shoulders†, so to speak. The poem becomes even more Biblical as â€Å"others bet upon his chance†, much like Jesus’ own fate. As the diver prepares for the inevitable, his situation has Biblical meaning. â€Å"At the summit of the span he rose/ his arms outstretched/ flung a cross against the sun†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, are perhaps three of the most powerful lin es in the poem. These lines are followed by much anticipation from the crowd below. The dive symbolizes the end of something, which is also supported when â€Å"The river circling away/ grew silent as held breath/ still as death†. These lines make is seem as though everything, and everyone, even the river, are â€Å"holding their breath† in anticipation of the outcome of the dive. Then, starting at line twenty-one, the rebirth begins, as, â€Å"from unknown depths/ his head broke the water/ shook out a crown of sunlit spray. There is a strong Biblical presence in the comparisons used in this poem, which help to support the theme of hope and rebirth, while providing powerful imagery. A vital element of Currie’s â€Å"The Diver† is the strong presence of imagery, which helps to sustain the theme of captivating hope. The image of â€Å"the solitary figure† provokes a strong sense of despair, followed by his painful struggle â€Å"up the arch†. The images give the impression that the events are unfolding in a captivating slow-motion means.

Global Media and Cultural Homogenisation Essay

In the 21st century, economic globalization has finally become an irresistible reality. Information, technology, goods, people, especially monetary capital are frequently exchanging worldwide unprecedentedly. The development and expansion of markets have effectively broken through the national, ethnic, cultural customs and ideological boundaries (Fairweather & Rogerson 2003). From multinationals, satellite TV, Internet to McDonald’s, Mercedes-Benz cars, cartoons, various cultures are now crossing huge distance and national borders, more densely implanted in different countries, and finally resulting in the phenomenon of cultural homogenisation. This essay is going to discuss whether globalisation implies cultural homogenisation, which will mainly focus on the role that global media has played in causing this phenomenon. To better understanding whether globalisation could lead to cultural homogenisation, this essay is about to define globalisation first. More specifically, globalisation is a terminology in economics, and scholars have three main kinds of explanation for globalisation: the first is that globalisation is Westernisation or Americanisation (Appadurai 2001), the second is that globalisation is the worldwide optimising allocation of economic and technical resources (McChesney 2001); and the third is that globalisation is to solve global problems such as environmental pollution, population explosion, drugs proliferation and transnational crimes, etc. (Mehlika 2013). In this essay, the meaning of globalisation is referred to the second explanation. When it comes to the effects of globalisation, it could be seen in various aspects, and living space of people has been associated with the world as a whole. For instance, London’s stock market or the European Football League is not a regional event, shockwave of these events quickly spread to every corner of the globe (Mehlika 2013). â€Å"Global village† is a more realistic word to describe the current world (Appadurai 2001). No matter international relations, political interests, social wealth distribution, cultural homogenisation or everyday life, globalisation has shown their significant role in those fields, and has contributed to profound consequences. Cultural homogenisation, which could be expressed as one of the significant impacts  of cultural globalization, that is local unique cultures all over the local culture will tend to become a single global culture, contributing to different lifestyles, values and beliefs of differing ethnics and communities are becoming increasingly similar (Mihailidis & Moeller 2010,). According to the view of Marxist (Mehlika 2013), the economic base determines the superstructure; economic and cultural globalization inextricably has linked and influenced each other. With the impact of the trend of globalisation, previously diversified culture has been influenced by the stronger culture and fashionable trend which are normally propagated by global commercial media system (McChesney 2001). In addition, McChesney (2001) holds the view that economic and cultural globalization arguably would be impossible without a global commercial media system to promote global markets and to encourage consumer values. Therefore, this essay believe that global media has played a crucial role in the development of globalisation and cultural homogenisation, and the following part of this article will mainly focus on the how global media has impacts on cultural homogenisation. At present, when reading newspapers or magazines, or turning on the TV, a confusing phenomenon could be the hom ogenisation of media culture, and sometimes similar entertaining programs could be seen in dozens of TV channels. Homogenization of media culture is very fast, often like a plague epidemic (Jan 2009). For example, a popular talent show called American Idol in the U.S. had a new name in China called Chinese Idol, which completely copied the main contents of American Idol. In addition, the successfulness of open copy experience has immediately provoked a chain reaction, almost all the local TV stations are following this trend, for a time, from national TV station (CCTV) to the local ones, and more than ten similar talent shows hurriedly came out. Another example is the Quiz Millionaire, this TV show has numerous versions in China, such as Happy Dictionary, Lucky 52, and so on. And there are various other TV programs in China are just Chinese version of famous TV programs around the world. In terms of the homogenisation of media culture, what most people may consider first is to criticize the lack of creativity of TV people or media workers. However, to explore further, more problems will involve in this problem. That is the globalisation of commercial media will unavoidably lead to the homogenisation of different cultures (McChesney 2001). A problem that may  be ignored is the convergent environment of media. More specifically, people tend to accept the fact of the homogenization of economic life; however, it is difficult to accept the homogenization of culture. The majority people still hold the view that different cultures should own their unique national, ethnic, and local characteristics (Fairweather, & Rogerson 2003). In other words, individuals could drive multinational or foreign designed automobiles, wear foreign produced perfume, but should remain vigilant when enjoy foreign films and television programs or other cultural products (Dumas, et al. 2010). However, little do these people know that the production mode of the media culture determines the globalisation of it, especially since the mid-twentieth century , new media and new media culture comes along with it, are emerging and developing in the international environment with relatively frequent exchanges (Appadurai 2000). That is to say, what we call the media culture of today is not entirely follow the traditional method that brought to the global market after its completion in certain developed countries, but gradually generated in the broader context of international exchanges which are contributed by the modern commercial media system (McChesney 2001). Taking the Hollywood films as an example, it is totally different form what it was half a century ago. Today’s Hollywood has a broader global context; its creators and performers are white, black or yellow from Europe, Asia or Oceania and other regions around the world. Additionally, technical means or electronic producing technologies of Hollywood films are also the most advanced, regardless of the technology are coming from the United States or from other countries. Another example could be the footboard culture, before the Western football culture was introduced to China, China does not have similar local cultural phenomenon about football. Because there is no similar local media environment of football in China, the popularity of football media culture in China is not resulting from the public choosing the Western media culture in the competition with local media culture (just like choose the team which that is liked best), but the decision has been make before individuals have the right to choose, or that the decision is made by the convergent media environment (Jan 2009). For the football culture in china, it is either existing or not existing; and once it exists, it would be derived from western culture. Here, the most difficult to imagine is the development of  China’s own local football culture. The development of culture cannot be delimited and designated by people in a relatively closed space (Bredin 2009). In other words, culture is not static, but dynamic, and acquiring development in the exchanges and communication with other cultures. Ethnic and local cultural could be regarded as closed culture in certain degree, but only with respect to the degree of globalisation and internationalisation (Bredin 2009). In fact any so-called ethnically local culture cannot grow in a completely closed environment, just like running water is never stale, any viable culture must obtain nutrients and support in the exchanges and communications with other cultures (Bredin 2009). For example, Chinese culture, which originated in the Yellow River Basin, but in the long years later, it is in contact with the south Chu culture and western culture it becomes vibrant. People may be sceptical for the single origin of Chinese culture, but they will not deny that the development and prosperity of Chinese culture is owing to the time after time collision and exchanges with other cultures. Cultural homogenisation may emerge during the exchanges and collision, which contains various types of convergence of this case (Fairweather, B & Rogerson, S 2003). For instance, some cultures could be complementing each other’s advantages. Additionally, there are weak cultures naturalised by the dominant culture, as well as the repression of strong cultural to weak culture. Besides, there are also new cultures created in the collision and interaction of differing cultures. All these situations discussed above exist in the development of today’s media culture; however, the convergence of media culture is obvious more than ever of any age. Here, admirations should be given to McLuhan’s prophecy of â€Å"earth village†, his conclusion was drawn from â€Å"media is the message†, rather than deduced from the globalisation of capital and markets (Jan 2009). Moreover, perhaps another deduction could be made that the globalisation of capital and markets are also a result caused by the modern media system in some degree. Besides, as what has been discussed above, global media will also contribute to cultural homogenisation. In fact, media culture reflect the conformity or group psychology of individu als, it could absorb essence and advantages from other cultures, and then turn into a form of global media culture. Therefore, from what has been discussed above, in order to find out whether the globalisation implies cultural homogenisation,  this essay has made the following discussions. On the one hand, the globalisation is an economic term which is promoted by global commercial media system. On the other hand, various studies has found out that it is the global media commercial media system that promoted the convergence of the media culture, and influence the national, ethnic and local culture through media values. Nowadays, individuals are deeply influenced by the wide broadcasted media systems, thus, more and more people have the tendency to pursue the latest fashionable elements, or other items to keep up with the time. Moreover, According to Appadurai (2001), the globalisation of culture is no the same as its homogenisation, however, globalisation involves the use of a variety of instruments of homogenisation. This also indicates that it is not the globalisation that completely leads to the cultural homogenisation. Cultural homogenisation is more likely to be regarded as a coexistence with the globalisation, which are caused by the increasingly homogeneous comm ercial media system. In conclusion, in order to investigate the relationship between globalisation and cultural homogenisation, and get a better understanding of both these items. This essay has defined the meaning globalisation and cultural homogenisation based on the previous studies. Moreover, this article has discussed the emergency and development of cultural homogenisation, and then finds out that the global commercial media system has played a vital role in causing this phenomenon. The following parts of the essay discussed the how the global media culture is formed and its impacts on the result of cultural homogenisation. Finally, this essay hold the view that, the fact of globalisation does not completely imply the emergency of cultural homogenisation, however, it is the increasingly homogeneous global commercial media system that plays a more important role in both causing the globalisation and cultural homogenisation. Reference list Appadurai, A 2000, ‘Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy’, in Frank Lecchner and John Boli (eds), The Globalization Reader, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 322-330. Dobewall, H & Strack, M 2011, ‘Cultural Value Differences, Value Stereotypes, and Diverging Identities in Intergroup Conflicts: The Estonian Example’, International Journal of Conflict and Violence, vol.5, no.1, pp. 212-223. Dumas, G, Madel, J, Soussignan, R, Martinerie, J & Garnero, L 2010, ‘Inter-brain synchronization during social interaction’, Plos one, vol. 5, no.8, e12166 Mihailidis, P & Moeller, S 2010, ‘New Frontiers in Global Media Education’, Communication Today, vol. 2, pp.6-13. Fairweather, B & Rogerson, S 2003,‘The problems of global cultural homogenisation in a technologically dependant world’, Journal of Information, Communication & Ethics in Society, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 7-12, viewed 27 April 2014, < http://search.proq uest.com.ezproxy.utas.edu.au/docview/1011920977/C47C3B1C2CD642E3PQ/4?accountid=14245>. Bredin, M 2009, ‘Global Indigenous Media: Cultures, Poetics, Politics’, Canadian Journal of Communication, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 765-767. Jan, M 2009, ‘Globalization of media: Key issues and dimensions’, European Journal of scientific research, vol. 29, no.1, pp. 66-75. McChesney, RW 2001, â⠂¬ËœGlobal Media, Neoliberalism, and Imperialism’, Monthly Review, vol. 52, no.10, pp.1-19. Mehlika, F 2013, ‘Globalization and its social-cultural-political and economic impacts’, viewed 26 April 2014, .

Asian century

Asian countries rather than America or Europe that the world looks to for business, politics and culture. For people that live in Asian countries life is changing fast. People in areas that used to be poor are starting to earn good incomes. They're spending more money and the economies of some massive countries are booming. Its change on a scale that the world's never seen before and it could have a big effect on other countries, including Australia. . Many say we're at the start of the Asian Century. 4. Asian Century means that in the future we will stop looking to America and Europe or the latest music, movies or fashionable clothes and start looking at Asia. We will most certainly pay more attention to Asian politics and we'll do a lot more business with people in Asia. 5. Australian politicians would like all school kids to learn an Asian language in school. 6.The four Asian languages that the government is focusing on are :- Indonesian Chinese Japanese and Hindi 7. Some of the d ifficulties that schools may face in getting kids to learn an Asian language are that no-one's actually said how the government's going to pay for all his learning and there are questions about where schools are going to find enough language teachers and how they're going to encourage kids to keep learning. 8.Yes I think it is important for school kids to learn an Asian language at school because if we are coming into an Asian Century then it would give them an advantage to be able to keep up with the latest form Asia and help them in the future to be able to relate to Asian countries. 9. I would say I am connected to Asia but not in a huge way. I do eat Asian foods occasionally and I like to eat fried rice, boiled rice, and stay chicken. Many products re made in Asia, such as clothes, electrical appliances and some of the food we eat.Asian culture does not really influence my life, except at the moment I am enjoying the Korean song Kananga Style. An Asian celebration that is held i n Australia particularly across Sydney Chinatown is Chinese New Year. This is important due to its large multicultural – and especially Chinese – population. It is celebrated through traditional parades featuring Chinese lanterns, music, acrobatics demonstrations, and fireworks. Similarities and Differences Between Asia and Australia SIMILARITIES PREFERENCES Ingà ©nue ultra population.

48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids 48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids 48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids By Ali Hale Are you stuck for something to write about? Or are you looking for prompts to use in the classroom? These prompts are aimed at middle school students (roughly age 11 – 14) – but younger or older writers might enjoy trying them as well. I’ve split them into different types of prompts – imaginative prompts, non-fiction/essay prompts, short story prompts and journaling prompts – but feel free to use them in any way you like. For instance, you might choose one of the imaginative prompts and use it as the basis for a story. A few of these prompts are taken from other people’s lists of writing ideas; for each of those, I’ve given you a link to the original source so you can check out the whole list if you want even more prompts. Twelve Imaginative Prompts If you found a treasure chest buried in your garden, what would you most like to discover inside? Invent an imaginary sport. What are the rules? How does the scoring work? Who typically plays it? If you had three wishes, what would you use them for and what might go wrong? Imagine that you woke up tomorrow as a member of the opposite sex. What would be different about your life? Where would you go, if you could go anywhere in the world? Who would you want to go there with? Imagine inventing a new holiday or celebration. What would you call it? When would it be celebrated? (Would it be the same date every year, like Christmas and Valentines Day, or would it move, like Thanksgiving and Easter?) What would people do during that holiday? If you were invisible for a day, where would you go and what would you do? Think of someone you dislike, or someone whose views and values are very different from your own. Now write a diary entry from their perspective, exploring why they see things this way. â€Å"  Imagine a future in which we each have a personalized robot servant. What would yours be like? What would it do? What features would it have?†(from smallworldathome.blogspot.com) â€Å"If you could live inside any video game, which would you choose?   Why?† (from journalbuddies.com) â€Å"If a wizard could tell you anything about your future, what would you most like to know?† (from edutopia.org) If you could meet any character from any book (or TV show or film), who would it be? What would you say to them, and what would they say to you? (based on a prompt from daringtolivefully.com) Twelve Non-Fiction or Essay Prompts What do you see as the biggest problem facing people your age today? Write about the most recent book you read. What was good about it (and what wasnt)? Who would you recommend it to? Who do you admire most in history and why? Whats more important: being healthy or having lots of money? Explain why you think so. How should cyber-bullying be tackled? If you ran your school, how would you change things? Does being fair mean treating everyone exactly the same? (Explain why / why not.) What do you think the world will be like in 50 years time? What will have changed for the better? What will be worse? Do you think humans will ever live on other planets? If yes, how would our society change? If no, how will we deal with problems like over-population and climate change on our own planet? Which scientific discovery or invention has changed the world the most, in your opinion? Explain why. â€Å"Many parents give children a weekly or monthly allowance regardless of their behavior because they believe an allowance teaches children to be financially responsible. Other parents only give children an allowance as a reward for completing chores or when they have behaved properly. Explain what you think parents should do and why.† (from education.depaul.edu)   Should school children wear uniforms? Why – or why not? (based on a prompt from dailyteachingtools.com) Twelve Short Story Prompts A child from the year 2300 travels back to our time. How and why? What do they find surprising (or even horrifying) about our daily lives? Start a story with this line of dialog: I wont do it, and you cant make me! Two friends send secret messages to one another through a hiding place that only they know about. One day, a message in someone elses handwriting appears in the hideout. What does it say? How do the friends react? An argument breaks out at a restaurant, where one person is clearly in the wrong. Do they back down or do they keep arguing? What happens next? A small child loses their favorite toy while on a trip to a park a long way from their home. What is the toy? Do they get it back again – if so, how? Scientists invent a medicine that makes the people who take it immune to colds and the flu but it has a side effect that no-one knows about for twenty years. What is the side effect? What happens as a result? Four young teenagers go wild camping without any adults. Their cell phones cant get a signal. Then one of them gets sick. What do they do? Someone has to face their worst fear in order to prevent something terrible from happening. What are they so afraid of? Why do they have to face it? Two enemies meet in an isolated place, by chance. One of them – who normally comes out best in any conflict – is badly hurt. How does the other person respond? â€Å"What happens when a normal girl  discovers a teleportation device in the park across from her house that only she knows how to use?† (from thejohnfox.com) â€Å"A poor young  boy or girl  comes into an unexpected fortune.  Not all fortunes are good. Sometimes discovering a fortune will destroy your life.  Ã¢â‚¬Å" (from thewritepractice.com) â€Å"Its your characters first day at a new school. He or she wants to get a fresh start, develop a new identity. But in his or her homeroom, your character encounters a kid he or she knows from summer camp† (from creative-writing-now.com) Twelve Journaling Prompts What is the best thing you’ve done this year? Why? Write about a typical (even boring!) weekday. It might seem dull now – but in 20 or 30 years, you might be fascinated to read about the little details of your life. What job or career do you want when you grow up? Why? How does your family celebrate Christmas (or any other holiday of your choice)? Write down the details and your family traditions. What one thing would make your life easier? Is it something you can go about achieving, or do you need to accept you can’t have or do it right now? How could you help someone else this week? Write a list of all your ideas. What would you do if you had a whole weekend free of any other responsibilities (chores, homework, etc)? Write a list – and if you can, choose one or two of these things to do this Write about the people in your family. What are their hopes and ambitions? What are their hobbies and interests? What’s your bedroom like? Big, small, tidy, messy? Describe it in detail. Which season of the year do you like best? Why? â€Å"Write about your favorite childhood toy.† (from dailyteachingtools.com) â€Å"Write about something that you wish you could say to someone else.  Ã‚  What is it, and whom would you like to say it to?  Ã‚  Is there anything stopping you from saying it?† (from journalbuddies.com) I hope these prompts have given you lots of ideas to write about! You might want to pick a regular time each week to tackle a writing prompt (e.g. Sunday afternoons). If you’ve got any prompts of your own to share, why not add them in the comments below? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartComma Before ButTrooper or Trouper?

Madison is in US News World Report’s Top 10 Best Places to Launch a Second Career

Madison is in US News World Report’s Top 10 Best Places to Launch a Second Career On September 16, 2010, the US News and World Report published a list of the Top 10 Best Places to Launch a Second Career.   I was thrilled to see Madison on the list, as  it has been my experience that this city is indeed a great place to start over. I came to Madison in October 2008 knowing one person and having only a part time job (law school admissions consultant for Kaplan Test Prep Admissions) to keep me afloat.   I obtained some additional part time jobs along the way, and two years later, I have what is starting to be a thriving business.   I have met an incredible community of business owners here at regular and diverse networking events.   I have made friends both through social circles and business circles.   I even worked part time for over a year at the University of Wisconsin Law School, where I  got a job in the midst of a hiring freeze. Plus this city is beautiful.   Where else could I walk down the street for any of the following:   a swim in the lake, a yoga class, a Thai dinner, a household item from the hardware store, and fresh local produce from the food coop or farmers market? I agree wholeheartedly that Madison Wisconsin is a great place to launch a career.   I can see why people dont want to leave I plan to stay put for a long time! Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinSeptember 30, 2010 6 Comments Diane Kern says: October 1, 2010 at 2:36 am I love Mad Town. I spent many summers there at music camp. Feeling its time for a visit after reading this. Thanks Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 1, 2010 at 10:06 pm Do come and visit Diane! Log in to Reply Michael says: October 3, 2010 at 3:14 pm I remember visiting Madison many times in the mid-80s when I was dating someone long distance. What a beautiful city it was and I am sure it is even more so now. Loved all the diversity and the accepting feeling there too! The people were really nice and the whole city had a great charm about it, yet was very metropolitan. Just saw that the unemployment is in the 5s, so even better!! Thanks for sharing! Michael Log in to Reply Laine D says: October 3, 2010 at 5:22 pm Sounds like a place I need to put on my list, definitely has more seasons than Arizona. Can you recommend the best time of year to visit. Laine D. https://www.ThoughtsfromABroad.net Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 3, 2010 at 6:02 pm Hi Laine, yes we have a lot more variety season-wise than Arizona! I personally love the fall with all the colors and the crisp air. Summertime is probably the most popular time since we have lakes and bike paths and hiking trails (with attendant mosquitoes unfortunately). There are also many music festivals in town throughout the summer. Springtime brings blooming trees, and of course if you like the cold and snow or are a skiier maybe youd like the winter! What are your favorite things to do? The best time to visit would be determined by that! Log in to Reply Paul Novak says: October 7, 2010 at 3:33 am Congratulations on having made a good hometown choice for yourself. Ive lived all up and down the East Coast and as yet have not been happy with my location. Im currently living in Fla and cannot wait to pack up and head out. This time however I have done some research and visiting first and have settled on N.C. I can only hope I end up as happy with my choice. Log in to Reply

History and Evolution of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corp Research Paper

History and Evolution of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corp - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, they worked so hard that they were seen to be more hardworking and determined than men and had proved to be more organized than them as well. Following is the account of how their journey began and came to an end. History and Evolution of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corp In the year 1942, around 800 females had joined the WAAC ad began their elementary training in Iowa where they were properly equipped with arms and ammunition, given uniforms to wear and were assigned proper duties to be performed during the war. For the purpose of defining their goals and objectives, a manual was established which identified what they were supposed to achieve in clear words (Permeswaran & Yashila, 2008). The manual said that they had to replace men and be with them on equal terms. In those times however, it was a very critical move because women were not encouraged to come to terms with men on an equality basis, and men felt devalued seeing females standing with them involved in a furio us physical activity like war. Moreover, women had not participated in war previously on ground level. The only females to participate in war before this were nurses. Even though there was a lot of criticism on the women for being part of WAAC, there was a necessity arising in this regard due to the number of men decreasing because of the War. There were around 150,000 women who took part in the world war. They were also believed to be better than men in terms of being more organized, well-disciplined and hardworking. Even in an appalling situation where women were not given overseas pay or any other benefits like life insurance or medical coverage, their passion was enough of an evidence to prove their worth which they successfully did even after facing difficulties of initially getting the bill passed for females to participate in the World War as part of WAAC. It had become very difficult for people to accept women in this new role because most people believed that it was not the kind of job women were supposed to do. Opposing parties questioned that if women started to serve in the army then who would be responsible for the house work and that females were not smart enough to be part of the army, they were likely to make mistakes and have the tendency to act carelessly. The day the bill was passed officially, Oveta Culp Hobby was chosen as the Director of WAAC.She proved to be a very determined and hardworking lady and had proved all assumptions about WAAC wrong. According to her, women were there in the army to assist them in winning war and their roles would not exactly switch or become different from what they are in civilian life. She just believed it would help men in achieving success. In the year 1917, it was decided that women will play a role in the British Army as for being sent to France and Haig who was the then commander in chief wrote to the war office that women will be permitted to fight in the war in France and their services will be utili zed wherever appropriate. However, the kind of work they were supposed to do at that time was much more related to household than to anything else because physical labor was not what they ought to do after all. Selection in WAAC required two references and interview

Marketing related Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing related - Essay Example Be it professionals or lay people, all are subject to unwanted intrusions as a result of this phenomena. Even if the user follows stringent security measures and installs software to set parental controls, perform regular disk clean-up and remove temporary internet files on a regular basis, cookies can still record and disclose confidential personal/business information to marketers. For some business enterprises, such â€Å"leakage† of strategic information could deprive them of competitive edge. If professionally managed business corporations are at risk, then the individual user (who in most cases is not a computer expert) is even more vulnerable. Sadly though, the cookie aided internet marketing practice has now become a multi-million dollar industry. Needless to say, exploiting gullible internet users in order to increase profits does not meet even the basic ethical standards. In spite of all the justifications that the marketers provide in favor of this practice, spying on unsuspecting customers of a competitor in order to target advertisements at them is not at all ethical. These unethical marketers are not the only ones spying on internet users. A few online companies discreetly distribute viruses such as Trojan horses into the computer hardware, which then sends back the gathered personal information data to the home source. Also, the majority of the cookies that internet users download into their personal computers are innocuous if not actually helpful in making browsing easier. The ease of use can be discerned when the user reopens an already exited website. But this fact is taken advantage of by unethical marketers to maximize their profits at the cost of individual privacy. When it comes to sly marketing practices such as the employment of cookies, the whole enterprise is ethically wrong. To defraud, deceive, abuse, exploit, damage or take from innocent consumers is what this practice

Managerial cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial cost - Essay Example Under Average cost method, an average cost is calculated for all units, and this average cost is assigned to all the units remaining in ending inventory and cost of sales for units sold. 'To determine average cost, divide the total number of units available for sale into the total purchase cost for the period of time under examination.'(James o Gill, Moria Chatton, page 46)2 For a company using periodic inventory system, the method is referred to weighted average; and where a perpetual inventory system is in use, this method is called moving average method. As costs are averaged out before applying to ending inventory, the material costs under inflation is not very near to market prices but a lower than that because of the effect of earlier purchases in averaging out. LIFO means last in first out and under this method the prices at which merchandise was most recently purchased are used to determine the amounts charged to cost of goods sold. LIFO assumes that 'goods are all the same and interchangeable.'(Peter J Eisen, page 322)3 Ending inventory is valued using the prices associated with the units acquired the earliest. As a result, cost of goods sold computed under LIFO most closely approximate current cost. During inflation LIFO will result in lowest value for ending inventory and highest amount of goods sold and the lowest amount gross profits and net income. The person requesting the goods p

Organizational Development By Training And Development Management Essay

Organizational Development By Training And Development Management Essay Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style are four of the most important aspects in organizational studies. The focus of current study is to understand the affect of Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style on Organizational performance. The back bone of this study is the secondary data comprised of comprehensive literature review. Four Hypotheses are developed to see the Impact of all the independent variables on the overall Organizational Performance. The Hypotheses show that all these have significant affect on Organizational Performance. These Hypotheses came from the literature review and we have also proved them with the help of literature review. Results show that Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style have significant affect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. It means it increases the overal l organizational performance. We also prove our Hypothesis through empirical data. However, results are strongly based on the literature review. KEYWORDS: Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design, Delivery style, Organizational Performance. INTRODUCTION Training has the distinct role in the achievement of an organizational goal by incorporating the Interests of organization and the workforce. Now a days training is the most important factor in the business world because training increases the efficiency and the effectiveness of both employees and the organization. The employee performance depends on various factors. But the most important factor of employee performance is training. Training is important to enhance the capabilities of employees. The employees who have more on the job experience have better performance because there is an increase in the both skills competencies because of more on the job experience .Training also has impact on the return on investment. The organizational performance depends on the employee performance because human resource Capital of organization plays an important role in the growth and the organizational performance. So to improve the organizational performance and the employee performance, training is given to the employee of the organization. Thus the purpose of this study is to show the impact of training and the design of training on the employee performance. Training development increase the employee performance like the researcher said in his research that training development is an important activity to increase the performance of health sector organization .Another researcher said that employee performance is the important factor and the building block which increases the performance of overall organization. Employee performance depends on many factors like job satisfaction, knowledge and management but there is relationship between training and performance .This shows that employee performance is important for the performance of the organization and the and the training and development is beneficial for the employee to improve The main objective of our study is how the training increase the employee performance. Training increase or develop the managerial skills. despite focusing on efficiency and cost control the spending on training should increase because organization get more efficiency , effectiveness out of the training and development .This shows that training increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the organization. I think people are talking more about performance and results and consequences. They are not necessarily doing more about it. From this it is clear that training and development is the important factor. So the significance of our study is that the training improves performance. Thus the purpose of this study is to show the impact training development on the employee performance. Results are strongly based on the literature review. Results show that Training and Development, On the Job Training and Training Design and Delivery style have significant effect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. Training is important for the backbone of every organization and it is also the main resource of the organization. So organizations invest huge amount on the human resource capital because the performance of human resource will ultimately increase the performance of the organization. Performance is a major multidimensional construct a imed to achieve results and has a strong link to strategic goals of an organization .As researcher explains that performance is the key element to achieve the goals of the organization so to performance increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization which is helpful for the achievement of the organizational goals. But the question arise that how an employee can work more effectively and efficiently to increase the growth and the productivity of an organization. There are many factors which improves the work of the employee such as flexible scheduling, training etc. It is very necessary for the organization to design the training very carefully. The design of the training should be according to the needs of the employees. Those organizations which develop a good training design according to the need of the employees as well as to the organization always get good results. It seems that Training design plays a very vital role in the employee as well as organizational per formance. A bad training design is nothing but the loss of time and money. On the job training helps employees to get the knowledge of their job in a better way. It is cost effective and time saving. It is good for organization to give their employees on the job training so that their employees learnt in a practical way. Delivery style is a very important part of Training and Development. Employees are very conscious about the delivery style. If someone is not delivering the training in an impressive style and he is not capturing the attention of the audience it is means he is wasting the time. It is very necessary for a trainer to engage its audience during the training sess. Delivery style means so much in the Training and Development. It is very difficult for an employee to perform well at the job place without any pre-training. Trained employees perform well as compared to untrained employees. It is very necessary for any organization to give its employees training to get overall goals of the organization in a better way. Training and development increase the overall performance of the organization. Although it is costly to give training to the employees but in the long run it give back more than it took. Every organization should develop its employees according to the need of that time so that they could compete with their competitors. LITERATURE REVIEW Human resource is the very important and the People learn from their practical experience much better as compare to bookish knowledge. On the job training reduces cost and saves time. It is better for the organizations to give their employees on the job training because it is employees development and the employee development encourage self-fulfilling skills and abilities of employee, decreased operational costs, limits organizational liabilities and changing goals objectives THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK To implement the study following dependent and independent variables are shown in the theoretical HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT Hypothesis development is very important because acceptance and the rejection of hypothesis show the significance of the study. On the basis of literature review and above theoretical frame work we came to develop following hypothesis. In the training development organizational performance is also affected by the training design. Therefore our first hypothesis is: H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. To increase the knowledge and skills in the job training is given to the employees therefore our second hypothesis is: H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. During training development the delivery style of the person who is giving the training also affects the organizational performance so our third hypothesis is: H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance. By combining the above mentioned hypothesis our fourth hypothesis is: H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. METHODOLOGY The study sample comprised of 100 employees of different organizations of Islamabad, capital of Pakistan. The sample is mixed like both male and female. The data is collected through a questionnaire consists of 15 questions. All questions are close ended questions with the use of a five point Likert scale consisted of strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree. All questionnaires were distributed and collected by hand from the offices of the organizations in the office timings. Ninety five questionnaires were collected after one weak. 95 of them gave the response to our questionnaire. After checking them 79 were found correct and the respond rate was 83%. These 79 questionnaires were included in the study. The analysis of the questionnaire was undertaken using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). All mean and medians were calculated using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the independent variables and to conclude the results on the basis of secondary and primary data. Most of the results consist of secondary data. DISCUSSION It is very necessary for the organization to design the training very carefully. The design of the training should be according to the needs of the employees. Those organizations which develop a good training design according to the need of the employees as well as to the organization always get good results. It seems that Training design plays a very vital role in the employee as well as organizational performance. a bad training design is nothing but the loss of time and money . All these results prove our first Hypothesis which is H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5 and 3-4, it means that most of our respondents think that Training Design has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our first hypothesis which is; H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our first hypothesis. On the job training helps employees to get the knowledge of their job in a better way. People learn from their practical experience much better as compare to bookish knowledge. On the job training reduces cost and saves time. It is better for the organizations to give their employees on the job training because it is cost effective and time saving. It is good for organization to give their employees on the job training so that their employees learnt in a practical way. All these results prove our second Hypothesis which is H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5 and 3-4, it means that most of our respondents think that On the Job Training has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our second hypothesis which is; H2: O the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our second hypothesis. Delivery style is a very important part of Training and Development. Employees are very conscious about the delivery. If someone is not delivering the training in an impressive style and he is not capturing the attention of the audience it is means he is wasting the time. It is very necessary for a trainer to engage its audience during the training session. Delivery style means so much in the Training and Development. All these results prove our third Hypothesis which is H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see the results some of the respondents disagree with the term that Delivery style has a significant effect on organizational performance. But most of the respondents lie between the brackets of 4-5. So if we consider the majority. The majority of our respondents say that delivery style is very important in the training. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our third hypothesis. It is very difficult for an employee to perform well at the job place without any pre-training. Trained employees perform well as compared to untrained employees. It is very necessary for any organization to give its employees training to get overall goals of the organization in a better way. Training and development increase the overall performance of the organization. Although it is costly to give training to the employees but in the long run it give back more than it took. Every organization should develop its employees according to the need of that time so that they could compete with their competitors. All these results prove our fourth Hypothesis which is H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5, it means that most of our respondents think that Training and Development has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our fourth hypothesis which is; H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our fourth hypothesis. MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Training and development is very important for an organization to compete with this challenging and changing world. Training and development is basically directly related to employee but its ultimate effect goes to organization because the end user is organization itself. This study will help organization to understand the importance of Training and Development. It will also help organization to understand which factors are important to keep in mind during the training and how a good training can be delivering to their employees. It will help them to understand that it is very necessary for them to give training to their employees so that they could perform the assign task in a better way. RECOMMENDATIONS In this research we review a lot of materials related to the variables used in this research and at the end we also proved our hypotheses. In the light of all this research and all the material which is being used to conduct this research and all the literature review we came to the decision that there should be Training and Development in every organization. Although we have review some disadvantages like it is costly to give training to the employees, but the advantages of Training are much more than its disadvantages which are briefly discussed in this study. We recommend that all organizations should provide Training their employees. We already have discussed that Training and Development have advantages not only for employee but the ultimate benefit is for the organization itself. If the performance of the employee is not good it will affect the whole organization. CONCLUSION Training and Development has positive effect on Organizational Performance. Discussion of all the results proves the hypotheses; H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance, H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance, H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance and H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. All these have positive effects on the Organizational Performance. It improves the Organizational Performance. On the Job Training is very effective and it also saves time and cost. Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style have significant effect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. It means it increases the overall organizational performance. FUTURE STUDY Primary data is not collected; the study only depends on secondary data. Study can be conduct on different departments of the organizations that which department needs more training and development. Study focus on gender can also provide different results and one can conduct a study on different types training and development programs. REFRENCES 1. Stone R J. (2002), Human Resource Management 2nd Edition, Jhon Wiley Sons 2002. 2. Fakhar Ul Afaq, Anwar Khan (2008), Case of Pearl Continental hotels in Pakistan, Relationship of training with Employees Performance in Hoteling Industry. 3. Richard Chang Associates, INC., Measuring the impact of traning, demonstrate the measureable results and return on investment. 4. Iftikhar Ahmad and Siraj ud Din,Gomal Medical College and Gomal University, D.I.Khan,Pakistan(2009),EVALUATING TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 5. Chris Amisano, (2010), eHow contributer Relationship between traning and employee performance. 6. Robart T.Rosti Jr, Frank shipper, (1998), A study of the impact of traning in a management development programm based on 360 feedbacks. 7. Workforce.com, (May 22, 2006), Special report: Traning and Development). Roger Kaufman-FloridaState University Donald Nickels,M.A,(2009), http://blogs.payscale.com/compensation/2009/09/ef fects-of-training-on-employee-performance.html 8. Michael Armstrong. 2000. Understanding training. Human Resource Management Practice. 8th Edition. Kogan page limited, London. pp:543 9. Mark A. Griffin. Andrew Neal.2000. Perceptions of Safety at Work: A Framework for Linking Safety Climate to Safety Performance, Knowledge, and Motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology Vol. 5(3), pp:347-358 10. Phillip Seamen .Anita Eves. 2005. The management of food safety-the role of food hygiene training in the UK service sector. International journal of hospitality management Vol. 25(2), pp: 278-296 11. Thomas N. Garavan. 1997. Interpersonal skills training for quality service interactions Industrial and Commercial Training Vol. 29 (3) ,pp:70-77 12. Carlos A. Primo Braga.1995. The Impact of the Internationalization of Services on Developing Countries. Article based on a World Bank report, Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries Washington. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/fandd/english/0396/article s/070396.htm 13. Ginsberg, L.1997. Training for the long haul. Computer Shopper. Vol: 17, p: 4 14. Tsaur, S.H., Lin, Y.C.2004. Promoting service quality in tourist hotels: the role of HRM practices and service behavior, Tourism Management, Vol. 25 pp.471- 15. Flynn, B.B., Schroeder, R.G., Sakakibara, S. 1995. The impact of quality management practices on performance and competitive advantage, Decision Sciences, Vol. 26 pp.659-91 16. Tom Baum. Frances Devine. 2007. Skills and training in the hotel sector: The Case of front office employment in Northern Ireland. Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol: 7, pp: 269-280 17. Shepard, Jon Robert W. Greene. 2003. Sociology and You. Ohio Glencoe McGraw-Hill. 18. Ruth Taylor, Doug Davies. 2004. Aspects of training and remuneration in the accommodation industry. Journal of European Industrial Training. Vol: 28(6), pp:1-2. 19. Partlow, C.G. 1996. Human-resources practices of TQM hotels, Cornell Hotel Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 37 No.5, pp.67-77 20. Deming, W.E. 1982. Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position, MIT Center for Advanced Engineering, Cambridge, MA.